机械式盾尾间隙实时测量装置研制及应用

针对非接触式盾尾间隙测量装置环境适应性差、精度低、造价高等不足,进行了接触式盾尾间隙测量装置的研制与开发。采用磁敏角度传感器进行角度测量,再经数学计算将角度值转换成距离值,得到对应的盾尾间隙值,实现盾尾间隙实时测量。该装置在工程现场进行了试验与应用,达到了较好的应用效果：测量装置可实现对盾尾间隙的连续实时测量,测量数据可以本地存储和远程读取,测量效率高;机械式测量不需要经过复杂的数据处理,测量误差相对较小,可以控制在1 mm以内;机械式盾尾间隙测量装置成本较低,达到非接触式测量装置造价的1/5,可有效降低工程成本。     

Die Sturzflut von Braunsbach – Ingenieuranalyse der Gebäudeschäden

The flash flood of Braunsbach – engineering analysis of the building damage At the end of May to the beginning of June, a series of extreme rainfall events occurred in the southern part of Germany, which triggered some severe flash floods with significant building damage in the affected municipalities. The devastating flash flood of May 29, 2016 in Braunsbach in the district Schwäbisch Hall in Baden‐Württemberg caused heavy structural damage to some of the approximately 130 affected buildings. The paper gives an overview of the building damages documented immediately after the event. The damages cases were classified and assessed using the evaluation system of the EDAC‐flood damage model developed at the Earthquake Damage Analysis Center (EDAC) of the Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar. The analysis illustrates the particularities of the damage patterns due to flash floods compared to conventional river floods.     

Responses of a cylindrical lined tunnel due to internal dynamic load in two distinct mediums: Ideal elastic and saturated porous medium

The dynamic responses of a lined tunnel subjected to dynamic loading is one of the key issues that needs to be addressed prior to the design and construction of tunnels. While the tunnel lining and surrounding soil are commonly designed in ideal explosion-proof engineering as ideal elastic media to simplify the problem, in reality; soils are porous geo-materials. Therefore, the concern is whether this practice is more conservative or close to the reality, in contrast to the scenario where the surrounding soil is assumed as a saturated porous medium. This study investigates the differences and relationships between the dynamic responses of the lining structures in two immensely disparate media: ideal elastic medium and porous saturated medium. Firstly, to avoid the complexity of 3D numerical studies, 3D analytical solutions for the responses of the lined tunnel in both the ideal elastic medium and porous medium due to internal dynamic loading are derived using Fourier and Laplace transforms. Also, the differences between the dynamic responses (e.g., the radial displacement, radial effective stress, and hoop effective stress) of the lining structures in two media are determined to assess the rationality of assuming that the soil around the lined tunnel is an infinite elastic compressible medium. Finally, the influence of the porosity on the dynamic response of a cylindrical lined tunnel subjected to dynamic loads is examined.     

盾构隧道管片接头抗弯承载力计算模型研究

盾构隧道管片接头承载力的计算是管片设计和服役性能评估的重要部分和关键部分,针对形式相同而细部构造不同的管片接头,提出一套适用于其抗弯承载力计算的理论方法十分重要。鉴于此,文章基于接缝面的不连续特征将接缝面进行适当分区,建立盾构隧道管片接头抗弯承载力计算模型,并给出对应的求解算法。将理论模型的计算结果与接头足尺试验结果进行对比分析,验证理论模型的正确性,然后采用该计算模型对管片接头抗弯承载力进行分析与讨论。结果表明：管片接头抗弯承载力曲线具有明显的非线性特征,随着轴力的增大,接头极限弯矩呈先增大后减小的趋势。混凝土强度对于接头抗弯承载力的影响较为显著,而螺栓强度和螺栓直径对于接头抗弯承载力的影响程度受轴力控制,轴力较小时,上述两参数的增大对于接头抗弯承载力的提升效果明显,轴力较大时效果逐渐减弱,当轴力高于某一阈值后,螺栓对于接头抗弯承载力无影响。文章所提出的抗弯承载力计算模型与研究结果以期为盾构隧道结构设计、试验和性能评估提供重要参考。     

基于可调姿态气动翼板的大跨度#br# 悬索桥颤振主动抑振方法

针对传统被动气动措施难以满足超大跨度悬索桥颤振设防需求的问题,提出一种基于可调姿态气动翼板的颤振主动抑振方法。该方法首先基于Roger颤振自激力时域模型建立主梁 翼板动力系统的状态空间表达,并通过系统重构优化使该表达能更加合理、有效地反应翼板姿态调节机制。此后通过引入基于主梁 翼板系统振幅控制权重的线性二次型指标,建立从桥梁振动状态监测到翼板姿态控制的颤振稳定性实时调节方法。为验证该方法的有效性和鲁棒性,研发针对桥梁节段模型风洞试验的反馈控制系统。研究发现,作用于两侧翼板上的反相气动升力在翼板间距的放大作用下形成的力偶是颤振控制力的主要成分,当迎风侧翼板振动相位滞后于主梁扭转振动约90°、背风侧翼板振动相位超前于主梁扭转振动约90°时有最优抑振效果;调节主梁控制权重至翼板控制权重的2倍时,可以提高颤振临界风速33%。     

管廊隧道开挖对上覆在建深基坑影响的三维有限元分析

以沈阳某盾构法综合管廊隧道下穿在建盖挖顺做法基坑为工程实例,在对工程实测数据进行分析基础上,利用小应变硬化本构模型进行三维有限元数值模拟研究,分析了盾构隧道下穿在建基坑引发的围护结构位移、水平支撑变形和基坑内既有结构变形。研究表明,利用小应变硬化本构模型可对盾构隧道下穿在建基坑问题进行较好的模拟;盾构隧道下穿基坑将引发围护结构顶部产生差异沉降;基坑内已施工完成的结构和水平支撑将发生"两边沉降大,中间沉降小"的上凸型变形;合理设计的立柱可有效控制盾构下穿引发的水平支撑沉降。     

邻近地铁隧道的软土深基坑变形实测分析

上海外滩596地块超深基坑紧邻地铁9号线区间隧道及一系列管线和建筑物。为控制基坑施工对周边环境(尤其地铁隧道)的影响,本项目设计采取分坑顺作、两墙合一地下连续墙、钢支撑轴力补偿体系、被动区加固、抽条分块开挖等系列措施。实测结果表明,远离地铁侧的地下连续墙最大变形为45.6 mm,邻近地铁侧地下连续墙最大变形为17.2 mm,邻近地铁隧道的最大隆起量为12.9 mm。所采用的设计方案满足了地铁的变形控制要求。     

基坑围护SMW工法桩施工对下卧盾构隧道变形影响分析

以苏州星港街隧道从上部近距离穿越地铁1号线盾构隧道工程为依托,对SMW工法桩围护加固过程中下卧盾构隧道变形监测数据进行分析,探讨基坑围护加固过程中下卧地铁盾构隧道结构的纵横向变形规律。分析结果表明,盾构隧道变形与SMW工法桩桩施工扰动、施工机械荷载有关,SMW工法桩施工期间下卧盾构隧道逐渐下沉,尤其是隧道两侧工法桩施工阶段下沉速率较大,隧道正上方施工期间隧道变形很小,围护加固结束后隧道变形稍有回弹;加固区内盾构隧道受影响比加固区外大,盾构隧道在横断面上呈竖向压缩、水平方向伸长状态,隧道变形轮廓为长轴近水平方向的椭圆。     

小半径平面曲线隧道地震响应分析

基于某实际工程,建立了小半径平面曲线隧道三维分析模型,探讨其在单向水平激振下的地震响应规律。其中考虑了隧道弯曲角度、地震动幅值和类型等因素的影响。通过分析得出了小半径平面曲线隧道的地震响应规律:①响应幅值方面,横向抗震段的响应最大,曲线段其次,纵向抗震段最小;②响应差异方面,曲线部分对隧道加速度影响较小,主要影响隧道的变形;③震动能量方面,随着隧道从横向抗震逐渐过渡到纵向抗震,其震动能量逐渐降低。